How breast cancer is detected by an organic compound signature in human urine?

The majority of healthcare systems base their BC screening programmes on image-based modalities, including as magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and mammography (MRI). Women who have found a lump in their breasts are more likely to seek medical counsel about BC for this reason. 90% of them, nevertheless, will turn out to be benign lesions instead of malignancy, like fibroadenomas. In fact, since breast tissue is so thick, image-based approaches frequently fall short of accurately identifying cancers in women with fibrocystic breasts. This issue affects between 56% and 60% of women globally. This aspect raises the advised screening frequency while also producing a great deal of false positives.

MRI is often the preferable method when the tumour is tiny or the breast tissue is thick since it is radiation-free, highly selective, and sensitive. For this reason, MRI screening for BRCA1 or BRCA2-positive women begins earlier in life. MRI screening is frequently conducted on individuals with fibrocystic mastopathy and those whose mammography results are unclear. However, using MRI or mammography to screen 1 million women would cost $640 million and $216 million, respectively. As a result, there is a propensity to improve mammography by running the resulting image through a classification algorithm that is based on AI.